在欧洲,从20世纪80年代以来,意大利、英国、瑞典、德国等国家在半固态应用方面做了大量的研究和应用工作。意大利是半固态加工技术应用最早的国家之一,Stampal-Saa公司使用此技术为Ford汽车公司生产齿轮箱盖和摇臂的国内零件。MM(Magneti Marelli)公司为汽车工业生产半固态铝合金成形的Fuelinjection Rail 零件,在2000年日产达到7500件。Weber公司从1993年开始用半固态技术为Nuova Lanacia Delta公司生产油料注射挡。瑞士的Bubler公司已经生产出铝合金触变成形的专用SC型压铸机和铝合金半固态坯料的专用二次加热设备。同时,德国的EFU、法国的Pechiney S A、瑞士的Alusuisse-Lonza、意大利的Fiat等国际知名公司也已经采用了半固态加工技术[21~24]。
日本于80年代后期,由基础技术研究促进中心和钢铁、有色及重工业等17家公司组建了首家Rheotech公司[25]。随后,该公司对半固态加工技术进行了系统的研究,同时加强与欧美著名大学和公司之间的交流。在1988年3月至1994年6月期间共投资了30亿日元进行研究,其下一步将转向工业应用,开发半固态金属成形件,而汽车零件将是他们的首选目标之一[26]。目前,日本的Speed Star Wheel 公司已经利用半固态金属成形技术生产铝合金轮毂(重约5kg)[27]。
参考文献:
[1] Spencer D B,Mehrabian R,Flemings M C.Rheological Behavior of Sn-15 Pct Pb in the Crystallization Range [J],Metall.Trans.Vol.3,1972,1925~1932
[2] Flemings M C.Behabior of Metal Alloys in the Semisolid State[J],Metallurgical Transactions B,1991,(6):269~292
[3] 毛卫民,赵爱民,钟雪友.半固态金属成形应用的新进展和前景展望[J].特种铸造及有色合金.1998,(6):33~36
[4] 谢建新等编著.材料加工新技术与新工艺[M].北京:冶金工业出版社.2004.
[5] Kirkwood D H.Semisolid Metal Precessing [J].International Materials Reviews.1994,39:173~186.
[6] Trang LS and Wang K K.Rheological Behavior and Modeling of Semi-solid Sn-15Pb Alloy,J.Mater.Sci.,1991,26:2173~2180
[7] Zhang Peng,et al.Study on Semi-solid Processing of Al-7Graghite Composite,J.Uni.Sci.Technol.B,2001,8(3):203~209
[8] S.Mohan,V.Agarwala.The Effect of Lead Content on the Wear Characteristics of a Stir-cast Al-Pb Alloy,Wear,1990,140:83~89
[9] J.P.Gabathuler.Evaluation of Various Processing for the Production of Billets with Thixotropic Properties,2nd ICSSPAC Transaction,1992,23~30
[10] K.P.Young,C.P.Kyonka,J.A.Courtois.US Paten No4415374,Nov 15,1983.
[11] Manabu Kivchi,Sumio Svgiyama.A New Process to Manufacture Semi-solid Alloys,ISJJ International,1995,35(6):790~801
[12] 杨湘杰,郭洪民.非枝晶铝合金(A356)半固态感应加热模式及控制模型[C].中国压铸、挤压铸造、半固态加工学术年会论文集,2001.
[13] 张莹,黎和昌等.半固态金属成形技术的发展现状[J].江西科学.2004,22(2):138~1142
[14] 李明茂,杨斌,王智祥.半固态金属加工技术.铝加工[J],2004,(158):42~45
[15] 张奎,刘国钧等.半固态金属制备原理与应用[J].稀有金属.1998,22(6):447~449.
[16] Chiarmetta G.Thixoforming of Automoble Component.eds.Kirkwood D H and Kapranos P,The 4th Int.Conf.on Semi-Solid Processing of Alloys and Composites,the University of Sheffield,England,June 19~21,1996.UK:The Department of Engineering aterials,University of Sheffield.1996.204~207
[17] Kyonka C. Status of Semi-Solid Metalworking at Alumax. eds. Kirkwood D H and Kapranos P, The 4th Int. Conf. on Semi-Solid Processing of Alloys and Compositions, The University of Sheffiedld, England, June 19~21 ,1996.UK: The Department of Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield.1996.256 ~ 259
[18] Decker R F, Carnahan R D, Vining Ret al . Progress in Thixomolding. eds. Kirkwood D H and Kapranos P, The 4th lnt. Conf. on Semi-Solid Processing of Alloys and Compositions, The University of Sheffiedld, England, June 19~21 ,1996. UK: The Department of Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield. 1996.221~224
[19] Asquith B M. The Use of Process Monitoring to Minimize Scrap in the Die Csating Process. The 19th International Die Casting Congress and Exposition, Minneapolis, Minnesota, UAS, Nov 2~6,1997
[20] Venkatasamy V, Brevick J, Mobley C et al . Die Cavity Sensors for Monitor- ing Die Casting Processes. (Proc.) The 19th International Die Casting Congress and Exposition, Minneapolis, Minnesota, UAS, Nov2~6,1997
[21] Clauser G L, Ravaioli A, Ciselli F et al . Advancing the Frontier of Alumini-um Technology: The Maltilink Project. eds. Kirkwood D H and Kapranos P,The 4th Int. Conf. on Semi-Solid Processing of Alloys and Compositions, The University of Sheffiedld, England, June 19~21 ,1996. UK: The Department of Engineering Materials, University cf Sheffield. 1996,234~238
[22] Moschini R. Mass Production of Fuel Rails by Pressure Die Casting in the Se- mi-Liquid State. eds. Kirkwood D H and Kapranos P, The 4th Int. Conf. on Semi'Solid Processing of Alloys and Compositions, The University of Sheffiedld, England, June 19~21 ,1996. UK: The Department cf Engineer-ing Materials, University of Sheffield. 1996,248~250
[23] Witulski T, Winkelmann A, Hirt G. Thixoforming cf Aluminium Components for Lightweight Structures. eds. Kirkwood D H and Kapranos P, The 4th lnt. Conf. on Semi-Solid Processing of Alloys and Compositions, The University of Sheffiedld, Sheffield, England, June 19~21 ,1996. UK: The Department of Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield. 1996.242 ~ 247
[24] Young K P. Recent Advances in Semi-Solid Metal(SSM) Cast Aluminium and Magnesium Components. eds. Kirkwood D H and Kapranos P, The 4th Int. Conf. on Semi-Solid Processing cf Alloys and Compositions, The University of Sheffiedld, England, June 19~21 ,1996. UK: The Department cf Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield. 1996.229~233
[25] 难波明彦,市川冽.金属,1989,2:54~62
[26] 市冽.铁と钢,1988,74(1):5l~60
[27] 冈野忍.半凝固加工ズロ.ス研究开发を终了レて.铁钢界,1994,44(12):44~50
[28] 潘险峰.铁基半固态合金的研究[D].中科院博士学位论文,2002
[29] 崔建忠,谷晓峰,董杰等.7075铝合金液相线铸造过程忠的形核[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2002,23(1):38~40
[30] 任西峰,石路,路贵民等.半固态加工技术的进展及我国应对措施[J].材料与冶金学报,2002,1:15~19
[31] 赵爱民,毛卫民.1Cr18Ni9Ti的流变浆料制备和直接轧制试验[J].特种铸造及有色合金(压铸专刊),2001:234~237
[32] 赵爱民,毛卫民.钢铁半固态流变浆料的制备与输送装置的研制[J].铸造设备研究,2003,(2):1~4
[33] 康永林,宋仁伯,赵爱民.半固态钢铁材料流变轧制的工艺研究及控制技术[C].第八界全国塑性加工学术年会论文集,2002:574~578
[34] 程晓敏,周世权,方华斌.Al2O3颗粒增强铝基复合材料的半固态搅熔复合[J].中国有色金属学报,2001,1(6):12~16
[35] 张广安,孟力凯,罗守靖.短碳纤维增强铝基复合材料的半固态加工[J].金属成型工艺,2003,21(2):12~16 (end)