美国的E. K. Holz在第七届国际压铸年会上首次全面论述了焊合的形成原因、影响因素和防止措施[1]。根据焊合发生的部位,他将焊合分成两种类型:冲击焊合(Impingement Soldering)和沉积焊合(Deposition Soldering)。冲击焊合是由于充型时,金属液流撞击模具表面而形成,常发生于内浇口附近。而沉积焊合常发生于模具表面上金属液流流速较慢,没有冲刷的地方。L. Frommer[2]则认为焊合现象的产生是由于复杂的物理化学作用和机械作用所致。A. G. Guy在分析铸造过程中,模具与液体金属相接触而致破坏的原因时,认为模具破坏的机理不是电化学作用,而是包含了以下三个过程:模具材料的溶解,金属化合物层的形成以及液态金属元素往模具中的扩散[3]。D. A. Buckley在研究金属与铁表面的粘接时发现,在研究的所有金属中,化学活性较高的铝元素对铁具有较强的粘接力[4]。英国的J. M. Birch认为金属液循环冲击模具,模具钢和铸造合金产生化学反应,在模具表面形成化学反应层,就产生了铸件粘模现象,粘模最严重的是型芯[5]。
参考文献
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