近年来,关于组织中文化(Culture in Organizations),也就是企业文化(Corporate Culture)论述的著作与文章瀚如烟海。As Many articles and books have been written,文化是"the act of developing intellectual and moral faculties, especially through education"(开发智力与提升思维的行为过程)。如果姑且不考虑企业文化是不可捉摸的等论述,那么由该定义衍生出企业文化的界定,就特别强调组织与企业基于信念、态度与成员优先权(beliefs、attitudes、and priorities of its members)的道德、处世和行为取向(the moral, social、and behavioral norms of an organization)。
每个组织和企业都有它独特的文化或价值观,绝大多数组织与企业都不会刻意去创造一种确定的企业文化(Most organizations don't consciously try to create a certain culture)。所以,依靠那些脱离实际的外部人员制造几句顺口溜来造就一种企业文化犹如海市蜃楼,对企业有百害而无一利。而正确企业文化,尤其是中小企业文化的建设,恰恰是(The culture of the organization is typically created unconsciously,based on the values of the top management or the founders of an organization)。
Hewlett-Packard是世界五百强排名领先的跨国公司,创建于1939年,总部位于加利福尼亚州Palo Alto,有雇员近十万人,1998年营业纯收入为424亿美元,比2006年北京市(本文版权属于王剑东博士[Doctorjiandong@yahoo.com.cn])地方财政收入完成1117.2亿元人民币多出近两倍。Hewlett-Packard's corporate culture is based on respect for others, a sense of community, and plain hard work (Fortune Magazine, May 15, 1995)。It has been developed and maintained through extensive training of managers and employees(通过系统培训经理人员与雇员建立优秀企业文化)。惠普的成功(growth and success)在很大程度上,源于多年企业文化的辛勤建设与培植(over the years has been due in large part to its culture)。
总结提炼世界知名企业文化的建设,无不与从以人为本、尊重他人(respect for others)中提炼企业文化,建立共同愿景(The Company Target,For Example To Create Wealth,To Innovate Finance, To Create Myself),分层策略规划(Quickly adapt to the surroundings,Keep innovation,Keep learning),导入优秀精神文明建设方案(Find out the best link between finance and industry, help the world more effective)等步骤的工作密切相关。
第一步首先总结提炼出以往企业文化建设的精华,例如秉承"立足深圳、辐射全国、走向世界"的发展战略,依靠优秀的文化、创新的经营与先进的激励,大力发展拥有自主知识产权的关键技术,不断改进管理,把公司做强做大,不仅条理分明,而且还要与企业的实际紧密结合。要知道,每一个企业文化的建设,都是特定组织的实践,如与活生生的现实脱节起来,就会成为无本之木。
组织与企业在上述四步建设企业文化的过程中,存在着许多这样的争论:"whether companies should design their personnel policies and reward systems around cultural values".一般而言,中国管理咨询机构或绝大部分外脑人员给出的是肯定的意见。而通常在西方发达国家企业实践中倾向于:"Currently companies tend not to,because of the concern about stereotyping certain cultures" (本文版权属于王剑东博士[Doctorjiandong@yahoo.com.cn])。